There are a number of symptoms which can raise the suspicion of urological cancer. Usually such symptoms require prompt assessment by a Urologist.

Blood in the Urine (haematuria)

It is never normal to see blood in the urine and although the cause may not be serious, investigation is always taken very seriously. This requires assessment and investigation by a urologist. Most patients will require urine tests, a cystoscopy (internal bladder examination usually performed under local anaesthetic) and an ultrasound scan examination of the kidneys and bladder. Patients will also often require further x-ray tests (IVU).

Some patients have microscopic blood cells in the urine and if this is persistent your GP may also suggest referral for urological investigation.

Lumps in the Testicle and Scrotum

Cancer of the Testicle is actually very rare, but it is also very treatable and so important to identify at an early stage. Surveys suggest that many men are unaware of testicular cancer or prefer to ignore it and only 5% of men regularly check their testicles. A simple regular self-examination is now known to help detect the early signs and reduce the amount of treatment needed. If you do notice any changes, particularly hardening or heaviness, you should not allow your natural embarrassment to delay discussing any new lump or swelling with a doctor.

  However, most lumps are not cancer, and most patients with testicular discomfort don't have cancer but early assessment is recommended. Examination by a specialist sometimes with an ultrasound scan can usually make a clear diagnosis.

Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer can present with a great variety of different symptoms. Some men do not experience any specific symptoms, but some may have urinary symptoms, for example frequency, getting up at night or poor urinary flow. Some patients just have a feeling of tiredness or a feeling of being generally unwell. However it is common for men to have concerns if they have developed new urinary symptoms and this is often the reason that they seek the advice of their doctor.

Investigations should include a digital rectal examination of the prostate and a PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) blood test. There is currently no screening program for Prostate cancer in the UK, but it is still perfectly reasonable to ask your GP to Check your PSA if you have specific concerns for other reasons.